Acute complications in patients with kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and their relevance in the Tabasco population

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is recognized as a public health problem of growing magnitude, with high prevalence and a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. In advanced stages, the progression of this disease led to the need to start renal replacement therapies, with hemodialysis being one of the most used modalities. Although this procedure allowed for prolonged survival, it also exposes patients to abrupt physiological changes related to intravascular volume, osmolarity, and electrolyte balance, which can lead to the onset of acute complications during the dialysis session. It was observed that intradialytic acute complications were not isolated events, but rather frequent phenomena that affected treatment tolerance, therapy continuity, and clinical outcomes. In addition to hypotension, other acute complications were documented, with electrolyte disturbances and volume control disorders being the most frequent. These events directly affected the patient experience and led to session interruptions and inadequate management of fluid status.  In the context of Tabasco, an epidemiological profile characterized by a high prevalence of comorbidities was recognized, with increased susceptibility to these renal complications. The lack of local records limited evidence-based decision-making, highlighting the need to generate regional information to improve patient safety, quality of care, and the planning of preventive strategies in hemodialysis.